Copyright
Introduction
Arizona State University's Learning Enterprise develops a variety of educational pathways and courses, regardless of whether a person is admitted to ASU. These open online learning opportunities have the added advantage of offering students the opportunity to receive full college credit for a course, provided they pay a registration fee, which they may choose to do after passing the course.
Because these classes are open to anyone, and purely offered online, some copyright exceptions that we usually rely on for instruction purposes do not apply. Another limitation is that you cannot link to online resources provided by the ASU Library, which are only available to students with an ASURITE ID and password. Here, we'll talk about some best practices for evaluating course materials if you are teaching an open course or creating educational content for other open platforms, such as Baobab or SolarSPELL. The Open Education Library Guide may also be helpful for information about open licenses, as well as additional sources for open educational resources.
So what CAN I use?
Link out: It is preferable to link out to files if they are available on the web. Sharing a link to any resource that is freely available online is generally acceptable, however, there are some accessibility issues to consider. For example, YouTube videos may not be available to students in certain countries, or a personal website might not have the capability to handle the increased traffic caused by thousands of students trying to access it at once.
Public Domain: these works are not protected by copyright.
Creative Commons: Creative Commons licenses tell you in advance what you're permitted to do with the work, without having to ask for permission from the copyright owner. As long as you comply with the terms of the license, you can use the work in your class. Just be aware of the terms - for example, if you modify or adapt content for your course using the CC-BY-SA license, you would need to have the ability to assign that same license to your course. It's unlikely that you would want to choose that option. The Mason OER Metafinder, created by George Mason University, is a search engine that indexes specific open education repositories, such as MIT Open CourseWare, OpenStax, and Merlot.
Fair Use: Fair Use still applies to MOOC courses, but your analysis will need to consider that your use has the potential to be exposed to a much broader audience. This is probably where the majority of your decisions will lie, and will need to be determined on a case by case basis. Review the Fair Use tab for more detailed information on making your own Fair Use evaluations, as well as the Guidelines box below. Additionally, here are some general questions to ask yourself when you are evaluating material for your course:
- How does this material help me to make my point?
- Do I need this particular work to make my point, or is there a potential (preferably open access) substitute?
- How much of the material do I need to use? Would it be possible to use only part of it?
- Is my use transformative? Have I made the link between the work and the point I wish to make clear?
Get Permission: Sometimes, getting permission from the copyright holder will be the only or best recourse. The Copyright Advisory Office at Columbia University Libraries has a great overview of procedures for asking a copyright owner permission to use a work.
Attribution: In all cases, as a matter of good scholarly practice, you should acknowledge the original source in your slides or other class materials. If including attribution on the particular slide or at the time when the work is used would harm the flow of the instruction, acknowledgment may appear at the end of an individual lecture
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Best Practices in Fair Use for Open Educational ResourcesFair use practices for authors, adaptors, and adopters of OER.
A special note regarding TED Talks
Unless otherwise noted, TED Talks are released under CC-BY-ND-NC 4.0 License. They also have a detailed explanation of what this means for the use of their videos in their Usage Policy. In short, you are free to use TED Talks for non-commercial uses if:
- You attribute the content to TED with a link to their site
- You use their embeddable player (you are not allowed to download the file and upload it to another platform)
- You use the video in its entirety and do not modify it in any way.
If your use is commercial, or if you want to modify the content, you must contact TED for permission.
Finding Open Content
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UnpaywallA browser extension that searches across thousands of open access repositories and journals to find open access versions of articles.
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OpenverseSearch portal to help locate CC-licensed content from a variety of sources - useful for images, video, and music.
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Science.govScience.gov searches over 60 databases and over 2,200 scientific websites to provide users with access to more than 200 million pages of authoritative federal science information including research and development results.
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Find Public Domain and Openly Licensed MaterialsFrom OSU Libraries' Copyright Services - provides several suggestions for locating different types of content.
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Free to Use and Reuse SetsItems from the Library of Congress's digital collections that are free to use and reuse. The Library believes that this content is either in the public domain, has no known copyright, or has been cleared by the copyright owner for public use.
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Wikimedia CommonsDatabase of freely usable media files.
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Directory of Open Access BooksOver 3000 academic peer-reviewed books from 107 publishers
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Standard EbooksStandard Ebooks takes ebooks from sources like Project Gutenberg, formats and typesets them using a carefully designed and professional-grade style manual, fully proofreads and corrects them, and then builds them to create a new edition that takes advantage of state-of-the-art ereader and browser technology.
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Internet Archive: eBooks and TextsOver 8,000,000 fully accessible public domain eBooks.
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New York Public Library Public Domain CollectionsMaterials from the New York Public Library that are in the public domain, available for use and reuse.
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Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) Primary Source SetsDrawing from online materials from libraries, archives, and museums across the United States, the sets use letters, photographs, posters, oral histories, video clips, sheet music, and more. Each set includes a topic overview, ten to fifteen primary sources, links to related resources, and a teaching guide.
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Hathi Trust Digital LibraryHathiTrust is a collaborative partnership of major research institutions and libraries worldwide. It is a shared digital repository of library books and journals converted from print owned by research institutions.
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Project GutenbergOver 54,000 free ebooks, most in the public domain (in general, published before 1923). Available in epub, kindle, PDF or to be read online. Over 50 languages. Great source for classics and historical works.
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International Music Score Library ProjectA collection of public domain music works - includes scores and some recordings.
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Mutopia ProjectSheet music editions of public domain classical music, with some contemporary works contributed by the copyright holders.
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CCMixterA community music remixing site featuring remixes and samples licensed under Creative Commons licenses. Over 38,000 (and growing) pieces of music are available.
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Legal Music For Videos - Creative CommonsA roundup of sites that collect Creative Commons-licensed music.
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Internet Archive: AudioA massive collection of freely available audio material that ranges from the Grateful Dead to old time radio shows, news programming, poetry and more.
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The Free Music ArchiveThe FMA is a collection of high-quality, legal audio material curated by WFMU. All material on the site contains a Creative Commons license so is available to use for free.
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MusopenA non-profit organization that provides recordings, sheet music, and textbooks for free, without copyright restrictions.
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Public Domain Project: AudioThousands of audio, image, and video files in the public domain from the collection of the Pond5 stock footage company.
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YouTube Audio LibraryA collection of free downloadable music for use in video or audio projects. Must sign into YouTube to use.
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BandcampMusic uploaded to Bandcamp with a Creative Commons license.
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FreesoundA collaborative database of audio snippets, samples, recordings, bleeps, and more.
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World Hip Hop BeatsA collection of Creative Commons licensed hip hop beats.
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Best Practices for image useFrom the University of Arizona Libraries, a list of best practices included finding, citing, and image use.
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ImgOpsA meta tool for finding out information about images.
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TinEyeSearch for information about images you've already found. Upload file or paste URL to find image source, license info, higher resolutions, and modified versions.
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OpenverseOpenverse searches across more than 300 million images. It collects results across multiple public repositories into a single catalog, and facilitates reuse through features like machine-generated tags and one-click attribution.
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Finding Public Domain & Creative Commons MediaThis guide will help you find and correctly attribute public domain and Creative Commons media.
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Wikimedia CommonsDatabase of freely usable media files.
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Openly Licensed Image SourcesFrom the Academic Senate for California Community Colleges Open Educational Resources Initiative - a collection of other image sources
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PixabayAll images and videos on Pixabay are released free of copyrights under Creative Commons CC0.
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UnsplashFreely licensed photography site.
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Free media resources/PhotographyA giant list of image sources providing freely licensed or public domain images.
Diverse Image Sources
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BC Campus: Stock photos focused around diversity, equity and inclusionGreat list of diverse image sources. The licenses vary per site so please be sure to check their agreements directly.
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What are good resources for finding diverse images of people?A list created by OEGlobal Connect of image sites that reflect the delightful variety and global approach of how humans appear (some of which are listed below).
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NappyCC0 licensed stock photos featuring people of color
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Diversity In Tech CollectionNoun Project partnered with All Raise, AnitaB.org, Blavity, Grid110, and Latinas in Tech to champion more diverse representation in tech.
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Queer in Tech stock photosThis photo set was created to promote the visibility of queer and gender non-conforming people working in technology. These photos are licensed CC-BY 3.0.
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Black IllustrationsIllustrations of black people released freely available for use, reuse, and modification for personal and commercial use.
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Jopwell CollectionThese images can be copied, distributed and displayed freely as long as visible attribution to Jopwell is provided.
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Images of EmpowermentA free library of images celebrating women’s lives and their work in 11 countries around the world
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Disabled And Here CollectionThis stock collection is a disability-led effort to provide free and inclusive images from our own perspective, with photos and illustrations celebrating disabled Black, Indigenous, people of color (BIPOC).
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Disability:INDisability Inclusion Stock Photography by Disability:IN is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
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Rudd Center Media Gallery Combating Weight BiasAims to challenge harmful weight-based stereotypes. Can freely use for non-commercial, educational purposes with credit to UConn Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity.
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Age-positive image libraryCreated by the Centre for Aging Better, this library contains over 2,000 images and shows positive and realistic images of over 50s in a bid to challenge negative and stereotypical views of older age. All images are released under a CC0 license
Public Domain & Museum Collections
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Public Domain Project: Images63,881 public domain images files from the collection of the Pond5 stock footage company.
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Bioart SourceThis collection of high-quality, scientifically accurate vectors, icons, and brushes for science and medical art visuals is freely available within the public domain, provided by the National Institutes of Health.
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NASA Image and Video LibraryNASA content - images, audio, video, and computer files used in the rendition of 3-dimensional models, such as texture maps and polygon data in any format - generally are not copyrighted. You may use this material for educational or informational purposes, including photo collections, textbooks, public exhibits, computer graphical simulations and Internet Web pages.
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Smithsonian Open Access CollectionWelcome to Smithsonian Open Access, where you can download, share, and reuse millions of the Smithsonian’s images—right now, without asking. With new platforms and tools, you have easier access to nearly 3 million 2D and 3D digital items from our collections—with many more to come. This includes images and data from across the Smithsonian’s 19 museums, nine research centers, libraries, archives, and the National Zoo.
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Internet Archive's Guggenheim CollectionOver 200 openly available art books and exhibition catalogs released by the Guggenheim Museum.
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Getty Open Content ImagesSearch over 10,000 images from Getty Museum and Research Institute collections made available for download.
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Wellcome ImagesOne of the world's richest and most unique collections, with themes ranging from medical and social history to contemporary healthcare and biomedical science.
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Free to Use or Reuse Sets: The Library of CongressThis page features items from the Library's digital collections that are free to use and reuse. The Library believes that this content is either in the public domain, has no known copyright, or has been cleared by the copyright owner for public use.
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Old Book IllustrationsPublic domain collections of illustrations and engravings from books, particularly Victorian and French Romantic illustrations—we understand French Romanticism in its broadest sense and draw its final line, at least in the realm of book illustration, at the death of Gustave Doré.
The many links organizing content by artist, language, publisher, date of birth, and more are designed to make searching easier and indecision rewarding.
Clipart, Icons, and other types of images
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The GreatsThe Greats is a free vault with carefully curated socially engaged visual content open to anyone to use or adapt non-commercially. All artworks published on The Greats can be used for free under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license.
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Open ClipartEach artist at Openclipart releases all rights under the Creative Commons Zero Public Domain License for the images they share at Openclipart.
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Noun ProjectCreative Commons licensed icons. Requires free registration to download.
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Icon ArchiveA professional tag based icon search engine with more than 600,000 icons, many of which have open licenses.
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Dimensions.GuideDimensions.Guide is a comprehensive reference database of dimensioned drawings documenting the standard measurements and sizes of the everyday objects and spaces that make up our world. Created as a universal resource to better communicate the basic properties, systems, and logics of our built environment, Dimensions.Guide is a free platform for increasing public and professional knowledge of life and design.
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PhyloPicFree silhouette images of animals, plants, and other life forms, available for reuse under Creative Commons licenses.
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unDrawA constantly updated collection of beautiful svg images that you can use completely free and without attribution.
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Open PeepsA hand-drawn illustration library, released under a CC0 license.
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Internet Archive - Moving Image ArchiveOver 1.5 million digitized videos and clips, including cartoons, commercials and classic films, many public domain or available via Creative Commons license.
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Selections from the National Film Registry Collection: Library of CongressThe National Film Registry is a list of movies deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" that are earmarked for preservation by the Library of Congress. The majority of movies in Selections from the National Film Registry are freely available as both 5 mb MP4 and ProRes 422 MOV downloads.
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Prelinger ArchivesNew York’s Prelinger Archives hold more than 60,000 advertising, educational, industrial, and amateur films.