Citation Styles

The examples provided are the most commonly cited types of sources such as books, scholarly journal articles, magazines & newspapers articles, and miscellaneous sources including conferences, web pages, media & other electronic resources. These have been updated to follow the 7th edition of APA Style.

Reference Entry (print): 
American Psychological Association. (2015). Mood induction. In APA dictionary of psychology (2nd ed., p. 667).

Reference Entry (online):
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Semantics. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved January 4, 2024, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/semantics

One Author:
Nguyen, T. L. (2020). The magic fish. Random House Graphic.

Two Authors:
Druin, A., & Solomon, C. (1996). Designing multimedia environments for children. J. Wiley & Sons.

Three or More Authors: 
Quinn, K., Dray, S., Kamoie, L. C., Perinot, S., Webb, H., & Knight, E. (2019). Ribbons of scarlet : A novel of the French Revolution’s women. William Morrow.

Subsequent Edition:
Erickson, C. K. (2018). The science of addiction: From neurobiology to treatment (2nd ed.). W.W. Norton & Company.

Edited Book:
Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., & Sue, D. W. (Eds.). (2018). Microaggression theory: Influence and implications. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642 

Chapter in an Edited Book:
Greenberg, S. (1998). Collaborative interfaces for the web. In C. Forsythe & E. Grose (Eds.), Human factors and web development (pp. 241-253). Erlbaum.

Electronic Book (with stable DOI):
Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

Electronic Book (without stable DOI or URL):
Jukes, H. (2022). A honeybee heart has five openings: A year of keeping bees. Cornell University Press. 

Organization/Group/Corporate Author:
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. (2009). Beyond boundaries: A year in review, 2008. ASCD.

Magazine Article (print, no author):
Unsnarling the I-way traffic jams. (1998, January 12). Business Week, 87.

Magazine Article (print, with author):
Bosker, B. (2019, November). The end of silence. The Atlantic, 324(5), 70–82.

Magazine Article (online):
Kornhaber, S. (2023, February 7). When emo grows up. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2023/02/paramore-this-is-why-album-review-emo-music/672971/ 

Scholarly Journal Article (print):
Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. 

Scholarly Journal Article (online, with DOI):
Bailey, N. W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27(3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126 

Scholarly Journal Article (online, without DOI):
Horsfall, D., Paton, J., & Carrington, A. (2018). Experiencing recovery: findings from a qualitative study into mental illness, self and place. Journal of Mental Health, 27(4), 307–313. 

Newspaper Article (print):
Wong, A. (2023, December 12). A $13.99 Snoopy sparks gen-z craze. The Wall Street Journal, 282(138), A11.

Newspaper Article (online):
Churnin, N. (2016, June 8). The power of a woman’s voice: Much is ‘Beautiful’ in ‘Carole King Musical’ at Winspear. Dallas Morning News. https://www.dallasnews.com/arts-entertainment/architecture/2016/06/08/the-power-of-a-woman-s-voice-much-is-beautiful-in-carole-king-musical-at-winspear/

Dataset: 
Nittler, L. (2011). Supporting Data for: Chromium on Mercury: New results from the MESSENGER X-Ray Spectrometer and implications for the innermost planet’s geochemical evolution (Version V1) [dataset]. ASU Library Research Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.48349/ASU/IDEZ4P

Conference Paper:
Gallegos, B., Allgood, T.,  &  Gondin, K. (2007, May). Quarantined: The Fletcher Library Game Project.  Paper presented at the national conference of LOEX, San Diego

Conference Proceedings:
Gallegos, B., Allgood, T., Grondin, K. (2009). Quarantined: The Fletcher Library Game Project. In Sietz, B. & Valko, T. (Eds.). Uncharted Waters: Tapping the Depths of Our Community to Enhance Learning. Thirty-fifth National LOEX Library Instruction Conference Proceedings, San Diego, CA, May 3-5, 2007. (pp. 133-138). Ypsilanti. MI: LOEX Press.

Webpage on a Website:
Ratzabi, H. (2015, February 24). Women and the global imagination: Reimagining the myth of Sedna. Prairie Schooner. https://prairieschooner.unl.edu/blog/women-and-global-imagination-reimagining-myth-sedna 

Physical Film or DVD:
Sagan, C., Malone, A., Druyan, A., Soter, S., & Gibson, K. (2013). Cosmos by Carl Sagan : A personal voyage [7th-disc collector’s ed. on DVD]. Cosmos Studios.

Online Film:
Scorsese, M. (Director). (2019). The Irishman [Motion picture]. United States: Tribeca Productions; Sikelia Productions; Netflix. https://www.netflix.com/title/80175798 

Online Video:
Bill Nye: Science Guy. (2018). PBS.

Music Recording:
Jackson, M. (1982). Beat it [Song]. On Thriller [Album]. New York: Sony Music.

Entire Website:
Do not cite a whole website in your References list or in-text. Instead, put the name of the website in your paper:
"The website Learn Spanish has a free translator, and tutorials to help you learn to speak and write Spanish (http://www.studyspanish.com)."

Personal Communication (e.g. email, interview etc.):
Personal communications are not included in the Reference List. However, they should be cited within the text of the paper: (S. Johnson, personal communication, March 1, 2010).

Legal or Law Citations: 
Most legal decisions use the Harvard Bluebook Style, the standard legal citation used in all disciplines. APA style defers to the Harvard Bluebook, and the APA manual includes some legal and law citation examples. For any not already covered in the APA manual, refer to the Harvard Bluebook.
Note: The most recent edition of the Harvard Bluebook is available at the Polytechnic and Ross-Blakely Law Libraries.

Cases and court decisions in APA usually have the name of the case, citation (volume and pages of reporters or books of case decisions), the court jurisdiction and decision date (in parentheses), and an optional URL. For in-text citations, only the case name and decision date are included.

Note: While case names are not italicized in reference entries or in-text citations, italicize the case name whenever it appears in the body of your paper.